Antioxidant Machinery and Glyoxalase System Regulation Confers Salt Stress Tolerance to Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plants Treated with Melatonin and Salicylic Acid

Abstract Plant growth regulators melatonin (MT) and salicylic acid (SA) have potent roles in plant salt tolerance. However, only a few reports studied the influence of their combined treatment on The current study, as first investigation, was aimed to evaluate effect MT SA antioxidant glyoxalase defense machineries salt-stressed wheat plants. In present potential role 70 μM and/or 75 mg l −1 mitigating injury (6.0 12.0 dS m salinity levels) investigated ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Sids 14). Exogenously applied improved activity ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate glutathione S-transferase, which effectively scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) stressed Excessive accumulation toxic methylglyoxal reversed via up-regulation system (glyoxalase I II) ascorbate–glutathione cycle. Foliar applications also reduced membrane damage by lowering lipid peroxidation protein oxidation due effective ROS detoxification antioxidants such ascorbate, glutathione, phenols, flavonoids. Moreover, exogenous increased endogenous levels under both non-saline saline conditions. yielded best results. Overall, this regulated machinery system, suggesting for it stress mitigation. Therefore, can be considered an method reducing toxicity sustainable agricultural systems.